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Moved stuff around and added a makefile also got a custom bootloader

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based on the JazzOS bootloader (modified a bit)
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deadvey
2025-10-20 10:52:03 +01:00
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==================================================================
MikeOS -- License
==================================================================
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
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GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.

25
Makefile Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
ASM=nasm
SRC_DIR=source
BUILD_DIR=disk_images
DATA_DIR=data
# Floppy image
# Fat12
floppy_image: $(BUILD_DIR)/crawos.img
$(BUILD_DIR)/crawos.img: bootloader kernel
dd if=/dev/zero of=$(BUILD_DIR)/crawos.img bs=512 count=2880 # Use dd to make a disk image
mkfs.fat -F 12 -n "CRAWOS" $(BUILD_DIR)/crawos.img # Format the disk image with fat12
dd if=$(BUILD_DIR)/boot.bin of=$(BUILD_DIR)/crawos.img conv=notrunc # Put boot.bin inside the disk image
mcopy -i $(BUILD_DIR)/crawos.img $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.bin "::kernel.bin" # Put kernel.bin inside the disk image
for filename in $(DATA_DIR)/*; do mcopy -i $(BUILD_DIR)/crawos.img $$filename "::/$$(echo $$filename | xargs -n 1 basename)"; done
# Bootloader
bootloader: $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.bin
$(BUILD_DIR)/boot.bin:
$(ASM) $(SRC_DIR)/bootload/boot.asm -f bin -o $ $(BUILD_DIR)/boot.bin
# Kernel
kernel: $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.bin
$(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.bin:
$(ASM) $(SRC_DIR)/kernel/kernel.asm -f bin -o $ $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.bin

20
build-linux.sh
View File

@@ -1,14 +1,3 @@
#!/bin/sh
# This script assembles the CrawOS bootloader, kernel and programs
# with NASM, and then creates floppy and CD images (on Linux)
# Only the root user can mount the floppy disk image as a virtual
# drive (loopback mounting), in order to copy across the files
# (If you need to blank the floppy image: 'mkdosfs disk_images/crawos.flp')
if test "`whoami`" != "root" ; then
echo "You must be logged in as root to build (for loopback mounting)"
echo "Enter 'su' or 'sudo bash' to switch to root"
@@ -34,10 +23,6 @@ cd source
nasm -O0 -w+orphan-labels -f bin -o kernel.bin kernel.asm || exit
cd ..
echo ">>> Assembling programs..."
echo ">>> Adding bootloader to floppy image..."
dd status=noxfer conv=notrunc if=source/bootload/bootload.bin of=disk_images/crawos.flp || exit
@@ -49,6 +34,7 @@ rm -rf tmp-loop
mkdir tmp-loop && mount -o loop -t vfat disk_images/crawos.flp tmp-loop && cp source/kernel.bin tmp-loop/
cp data/*
sleep 0.2
@@ -62,9 +48,9 @@ rm -rf tmp-loop
echo ">>> Creating CD-ROM ISO image..."
rm -f disk_images/crawos.iso
mkisofs -quiet -V 'MIKEOS' -input-charset iso8859-1 -o disk_images/crawos.iso -b crawos.flp disk_images/ || exit
mkisofs -quiet -V 'CRAWOS' -input-charset iso8859-1 -o disk_images/crawos.iso -b crawos.flp disk_images/ || exit
echo '>>> Done!'
#qemu-system-i386 -drive file=disk_images/crawos.flp,index=0,if=floppy,format=raw
qemu-system-i386 -drive file=disk_images/crawos.flp,index=0,if=floppy,format=raw

117
build-macos.sh
View File

@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/bash -u
if ! [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
echo "[halt] Not running with superuser privileges."
exit 1
fi
echo "[okay] running as superuser."
vercomp() {
[ "$1" = "$2" ] && return 0
local IFS=.
local i ver1=($1) ver2=($2)
unset IFS
if [ "${#ver1[@]}" -ne "${#ver2[@]}" ]; then
echo "[halt] versions being compared don't have the same form!" >&2
echo "[halt] '$1' vs '$2'" >&2
exit 1
fi
for ((i = 0; i < ${#ver1[@]}; ++i)); do
(( ${ver1[i]} > ${ver2[i]} )) && return 1
(( ${ver1[i]} < ${ver2[i]} )) && return 2
done
return 0
}
nasm_version_check () {
vercomp $1 $2
case $? in
0) op='=';;
1) op='>';;
2) op='<';;
esac
if [ $op = '=' ] || [ $op = '>' ]; then
echo "[okay] nasm version at least '$2'"
return 0
else
echo "[halt] nasm version is too low" >&2
return 1
fi
}
# Main
declare -r NASM_VER_REGEX='[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+'
declare -r MINIMUM_NASM_VERSION=2.10.09
declare -r NASM_PATH=$(which nasm)
declare current_nasm_version=
if [ -z "$NASM_PATH" ]; then
echo "[halt] nasm was not found on the system! Make sure it is named nasm and is in the path."
exit 1
fi
current_nasm_version=$(nasm -v)
[ $? -ne 0 ] && echo '[halt] error calling nasm' >&2 && exit 1
if [[ "$current_nasm_version" =~ $NASM_VER_REGEX ]]; then
current_nasm_version=${BASH_REMATCH[0]}
echo "[okay] found current nasm version of '$current_nasm_version'"
else
echo "[halt] could not determine nasm version" >&2
exit 1
fi
nasm_version_check "$current_nasm_version" "$MINIMUM_NASM_VERSION"
[ $? -ne 0 ] && echo "[halt] nasm not found or version is incompatible" >&2 && exit 1
"$NASM_PATH" -O0 -f bin -o source/bootload/bootload.bin source/bootload/bootload.asm || exit 1
echo "[okay] assembled bootloader"
cd source
"$NASM_PATH" -O0 -f bin -o kernel.bin kernel.asm || exit 1
echo "[okay] assembled kernel"
cd ..
cd programs
for i in *.asm; do
"$NASM_PATH" -O0 -f bin $i -o "$(basename $i .asm).bin" || exit 1
echo "[okay] assembled program: $i"
done
echo "[okay] assembled all programs"
cd ..
cp disk_images/mikeos.flp disk_images/mikeos.dmg
echo "[okay] copied floppy image"
dd conv=notrunc if=source/bootload/bootload.bin of=disk_images/mikeos.dmg || exit 1
echo "[okay] added bootloader to image"
tmp_file=$(mktemp -d /tmp/$(basename $0).XXXXXX)
[ $? -ne 0 ] && echo "[halt] error creating a temp file" >&2 && exit 1
dev=$(echo -n $(hdid -nobrowse -nomount disk_images/mikeos.dmg))
[ $? -ne 0 ] && echo "[halt] could not create disk from image" >&2 && exit 1
mount -t msdos "$dev" "$tmp_file"
[ $? -ne 0 ] && echo "[halt] could not mount "$dev"" >&2 && exit 1
cp source/kernel.bin "$tmp_file/"
cp programs/*.bin programs/*.bas programs/sample.pcx programs/vedithlp.txt programs/gen.4th programs/hello.512 "$tmp_file"
echo "[okay] added programs to image"
diskutil umount "$tmp_file"
hdiutil detach "$dev"
rm -rf "$tmp_file"
echo "[okay] unmounted floppy image"
rm -f disk_images/mikeos.iso
mkisofs -quiet -V 'MIKEOS' -input-charset iso8859-1 -o disk_images/mikeos.iso -b mikeos.dmg disk_images/ || exit 1
echo "[okay] converted floppy to ISO-8859-1 image"
echo "[done] build completed"

80
build-openbsd.sh
View File

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
# This script assembles the MikeOS bootloader, kernel and programs
# with NASM, and then creates floppy and CD images (on OpenBSD)
# Only the root user can mount the floppy disk image as a virtual
# drive (loopback mounting), in order to copy across the files
echo "Experimental OpenBSD build script..."
if test "`whoami`" != "root" ; then
echo "You must be logged in as root to build (for loopback mounting)"
echo "Enter 'su' to switch to root"
exit
fi
if [ ! -e disk_images/mikeos.flp ]
then
echo ">>> Creating new MikeOS floppy image..."
dd if=/dev/zero of=disk_images/mikeos.flp bs=512 count=2880 || exit
vnconfig vnd3 disk_images/mikeos.flp && newfs_msdos -f 1440 vnd3c && vnconfig -u vnd3 || exit
fi
echo ">>> Assembling bootloader..."
nasm -O0 -w+orphan-labels -f bin -o source/bootload/bootload.bin source/bootload/bootload.asm || exit
echo ">>> Assembling MikeOS kernel..."
cd source
nasm -O0 -w+orphan-labels -f bin -o kernel.bin kernel.asm || exit
cd ..
echo ">>> Assembling programs..."
cd programs
for i in *.asm
do
nasm -O0 -w+orphan-labels -f bin $i -o `basename $i .asm`.bin || exit
done
cd ..
echo ">>> Adding bootloader to floppy image..."
dd conv=notrunc if=source/bootload/bootload.bin of=disk_images/mikeos.flp || exit
echo ">>> Copying MikeOS kernel and programs..."
rm -rf tmp-loop
vnconfig vnd3 disk_images/mikeos.flp || exit
mkdir tmp-loop && mount -t msdos /dev/vnd3c tmp-loop && cp source/kernel.bin tmp-loop/
cp programs/*.bin programs/*.bas programs/sample.pcx programs/vedithlp.txt programs/gen.4th programs/hello.512 tmp-loop
echo ">>> Unmounting loopback floppy..."
umount tmp-loop || exit
vnconfig -u vnd3 || exit
rm -rf tmp-loop
echo ">>> Creating CD-ROM ISO image..."
rm -f disk_images/mikeos.iso
mkisofs -quiet -V 'MIKEOS' -r -J -o disk_images/mikeos.iso -b mikeos.flp disk_images/ || exit
echo '>>> Done!'

40
buildwin.bat
View File

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
@echo off
echo Build script for Windows
echo.
echo Assembling bootloader...
cd source\bootload
nasm -O0 -f bin -o bootload.bin bootload.asm
cd ..
echo Assembling MikeOS kernel...
nasm -O0 -f bin -o kernel.bin kernel.asm
echo Assembling programs...
cd ..\programs
for %%i in (*.asm) do nasm -O0 -f bin %%i
for %%i in (*.bin) do del %%i
for %%i in (*.) do ren %%i %%i.bin
cd ..
echo Adding bootsector to disk image...
cd disk_images
dd count=2 seek=0 bs=512 if=..\source\bootload\bootload.bin of=.\mikeos.flp
cd ..
echo Mounting disk image...
imdisk -a -f disk_images\mikeos.flp -s 1440K -m B:
echo Copying kernel and applications to disk image...
copy source\kernel.bin b:\
copy programs\*.bin b:\
copy programs\sample.pcx b:\
copy programs\vedithlp.txt b:\
copy programs\gen.4th b:\
copy programs\hello.512 b:\
copy programs\*.bas b:\
echo Dismounting disk image...
imdisk -D -m B:
echo Done!

1
data/hello-world.cr Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
output 'Hello World'

BIN
disk_images/boot.bin Normal file
View File

Binary file not shown.

BIN
disk_images/crawos.flp → disk_images/crawos.img Executable file → Normal file
View File

Binary file not shown.

BIN
disk_images/crawos.iso
View File

Binary file not shown.

BIN
disk_images/kernel.bin Normal file
View File

Binary file not shown.

BIN
source/bootload/.bootload.asm.swp
View File

Binary file not shown.

BIN
source/bootload/.hexdump.swp
View File

Binary file not shown.

BIN
source/bootload/.swp
View File

Binary file not shown.

297
source/bootload/boot.asm Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
ORG 7C00h
BITS 16
jmp short main
nop
; Define Fat12 header
bdb_oem: db 'MSWIN4.1'
bdb_bytes_per_sector: dw 512
bdb_sectors_per_cluster: db 1
bdb_reserved_sectors: dw 1
bdb_fat_count: db 2
bdb_dir_entries_count: dw 0E0h
bdb_total_sectors: dw 2880
bdb_media_descriptor_type: db 0F0h
bdb_sectors_per_fat: dw 9
bdb_sectors_per_track: dw 18
bdb_heads: dw 2
bdb_hidden_sectors: dd 0
bdb_large_sector_count: dd 0
; extended boot record
ebr_drive_number: db 0
db 0
ebr_signature: db 29h
ebr_volume_id: db 12h, 34h, 56h, 78h
ebr_volume_label: db 'CrawShaw OS'
ebr_system_id: db 'FAT12 '
main:
; Setup registers
mov ax, 0
mov ds, ax ; ds = data segment pointer
mov es, ax ; es = extra segment pointer
mov ss, ax ; ss = stack pointer
mov sp, 7C00h
; Read from disk
;mov [ebr_drive_number], dl
;mov ax, 1
;mov cl, 1
;mov bx, 7E00h
;call disk_read
; Output boot text
mov si, boot_text
call print_string
; Load kernel
; 4 segments:
; reserved segment (bdb_reserved_segments, 1)
; FAT: (sectors_per_fat * fat_count) 9*2=18
; root dir: gives location of data
; data: stores the actual data
; Get LBA of root dir
mov ax, [bdb_sectors_per_fat]
mov bl, [bdb_fat_count]
xor bh,bh ; clear bh
mul bx ; 9 * 2 = 18
add ax, [bdb_reserved_sectors] ; The LBA of root dir
push ax ; Push to stack
mov ax, [bdb_dir_entries_count]
shl ax,5 ; ax *= 32 (shifting 5 times)
xor dx,dx ; Clear dx
div word [bdb_bytes_per_sector] ;32*num of entries)/bytes per sector
test dx,dx ; See if there's a remainder
jz root_dir_after
inc ax ; Add one if there's a remainder
root_dir_after:
mov cl, al
pop ax ; LBA of root dir
mov dl, [ebr_drive_number]
mov bx, buffer
call disk_read
xor bx,bx ; clear bx
mov di, buffer ; Loaded root dir into memory
search_for_kernel:
mov si, file_kernel_bin ; Move the name of the kernel into si
mov cx, 11
push di ; Preserve di
repe cmpsb ; Repeat a comparison of bytes between kernel name and current bytes until it finds a match
pop di ; Retrieve di
je found_kernel
add di, 32 ; Next directory entry
inc bx
cmp bx, [bdb_dir_entries_count] ; Have we reached the number of directories that exist
jl search_for_kernel ; Repeat search
jmp kernel_not_found ; If the last dir has been searched, then there is no kernel
kernel_not_found:
mov si, kernel_load_error
call print_string
hlt
jmp halt
found_kernel:
mov si, kernel_found_text
call print_string
; Find kernel cluster
mov ax, [di+26]
mov [kernel_cluster], ax
mov ax, [bdb_reserved_sectors]
mov bx, buffer
mov cl, [bdb_sectors_per_fat]
mov dl, [ebr_drive_number]
call disk_read ; Load FAT from disk into memory
; Load kernel into memory
mov bx, kernel_load_segment
mov es, bx
mov bx, kernel_load_offset ; Setup memory that kernel will be loaded into
load_kernel_loop:
mov ax, [kernel_cluster]
add ax, 31 ; Setup offset so we can read the particular cluster
mov cl, 1 ;sectors to read
mov dl, [ebr_drive_number]
call disk_read
add bx, [bdb_bytes_per_sector]
; (kernel_cluster * 3) / 2
mov ax, [kernel_cluster]
mov cx, 3
mul cx
mov cx, 2
div cx
; setup buffers
mov si, buffer
add si, ax
mov ax, [ds:si]
or dx,dx
jz even
odd:
shr ax, 4 ;shift ax 4
jmp next_cluster_after
even:
and ax, 0fffh ; Gives the other 12 bits
next_cluster_after:
cmp ax, 0ff8h ; If the value is ff8h or bigger then we've reached the end of FAT
jae read_finish
mov [kernel_cluster], ax
jmp load_kernel_loop
read_finish: ; Load kernel
mov dl, [ebr_drive_number]
mov ax, kernel_load_segment
mov ds, ax
mov es, ax
jmp kernel_load_segment:kernel_load_offset ; Jump to the kernel code
hlt
halt:
jmp halt
; LBA = index of data segment on disk
; CHS = cylinder, header, sector
; input, LBA index: ax
; sector number: cx [0-5]
; cylinder: cx [6-15]
; head: dh
lba_to_chs:
push ax
push dx
xor dx,dx ; clear dx
div word [bdb_sectors_per_track] ;(LBA % sectors per track) + 1 = sector
inc dx ; sector, dx stores the remainder so we increment that.
mov cx,dx
xor dx,dx ; clear dx
div word [bdb_heads]
mov dh,dl ; head
mov ch,al
shl ah, 6
or CL, AH ; cylinder
pop ax
mov dl,al
pop ax
RET
disk_read:
push ax
push bx
push cx
push dx
push di
call lba_to_chs
mov ah, 02h
; repeat drive read 3 times (incase of random error)
mov di, 3 ; counter
retry:
stc
int 13h
jnc done_read
call disk_reset ; Reset drivers of disk
dec di
test di, di
jnz retry
fail_disk_read:
mov si, disk_read_fail
call print_string
hlt
jmp halt
disk_reset:
pusha
mov ah, 0 ; Reset drive
stc
int 13h
jc fail_disk_read
popa
ret
done_read:
pop di
pop dx
pop cx
pop bx
pop ax
ret
; SI = pointer to start of string to be printed
print_string:
push si
push ax
push bx
mov ah, 0Eh ; int 10h teletype function, we're telling the BIOS we will print something
.repeat:
lodsb ; Get char from si into al
cmp al, 0 ; Compare al to 0
je .done ; If char is zero, end of string
mov bh, 0
int 10h ; Otherwise, print it
jmp .repeat ; And move on to next char
.done:
; Print newline
mov ah, 0Eh
mov al, 13
int 10h
mov al, 10
int 10h
; Exit function
pop bx
pop ax
pop si
ret
boot_text: db '[OK] Boot sequence begun...', 0
kernel_found_text: db '[OK] Kernel located...', 0
disk_read_fail: db '[ERR] Failed to read disk!', 0
file_kernel_bin: db 'KERNEL BIN' ; Must have a double space between KERNEL and BIN
kernel_load_error: db '[ERR] Kernel not found!', 0
kernel_cluster: dw 0
kernel_load_segment: equ 2000h
kernel_load_offset: equ 0
times 510-($-$$) db 0 ; Fill up the next 510 bits with 0's
dw 0AA55h ; D
buffer:

357
source/bootload/bootload.asm
View File

@@ -1,357 +0,0 @@
; ==================================================================
; The Mike Operating System bootloader
; Copyright (C) 2006 - 2022 MikeOS Developers -- see doc/LICENSE.TXT
;
; Based on a free boot loader by E Dehling. It scans the FAT12
; floppy for KERNEL.BIN (the MikeOS kernel), loads it and executes it.
; This must grow no larger than 512 bytes (one sector), with the final
; two bytes being the boot signature (AA55h). Note that in FAT12,
; a cluster is the same as a sector: 512 bytes.
; ==================================================================
BITS 16
jmp short bootloader_start ; Jump past disk description section
nop ; Pad out before disk description
; ------------------------------------------------------------------
; Disk description table, to make it a valid floppy
; Note: some of these values are hard-coded in the source!
; Values are those used by IBM for 1.44 MB, 3.5" diskette
OEMLabel db "MIKEBOOT" ; Disk label
BytesPerSector dw 512 ; Bytes per sector
SectorsPerCluster db 1 ; Sectors per cluster
ReservedForBoot dw 1 ; Reserved sectors for boot record
NumberOfFats db 2 ; Number of copies of the FAT
RootDirEntries dw 224 ; Number of entries in root dir
; (224 * 32 = 7168 = 14 sectors to read)
LogicalSectors dw 2880 ; Number of logical sectors
MediumByte db 0F0h ; Medium descriptor byte
SectorsPerFat dw 9 ; Sectors per FAT
SectorsPerTrack dw 18 ; Sectors per track (36/cylinder)
Sides dw 2 ; Number of sides/heads
HiddenSectors dd 0 ; Number of hidden sectors
LargeSectors dd 0 ; Number of LBA sectors
DriveNo dw 0 ; Drive No: 0
Signature db 41 ; Drive signature: 41 for floppy
VolumeID dd 00000000h ; Volume ID: any number
VolumeLabel db "MIKEOS "; Volume Label: any 11 chars
FileSystem db "FAT12 " ; File system type: don't change!
; ------------------------------------------------------------------
; Main bootloader code
bootloader_start:
mov ax, 07C0h ; Set up 4K of stack space above buffer
add ax, 544 ; 8k buffer = 512 paragraphs + 32 paragraphs (loader)
cli ; Disable interrupts while changing stack
mov ss, ax
mov sp, 4096
sti ; Restore interrupts
mov ax, 07C0h ; Set data segment to where we're loaded
mov ds, ax
; NOTE: A few early BIOSes are reported to improperly set DL
cmp dl, 0
je no_change
mov [bootdev], dl ; Save boot device number
mov ah, 8 ; Get drive parameters
int 13h
jc fatal_disk_error
and cx, 3Fh ; Maximum sector number
mov [SectorsPerTrack], cx ; Sector numbers start at 1
movzx dx, dh ; Maximum head number
add dx, 1 ; Head numbers start at 0 - add 1 for total
mov [Sides], dx
no_change:
mov eax, 0 ; Needed for some older BIOSes
; First, we need to load the root directory from the disk. Technical details:
; Start of root = ReservedForBoot + NumberOfFats * SectorsPerFat = logical 19
; Number of root = RootDirEntries * 32 bytes/entry / 512 bytes/sector = 14
; Start of user data = (start of root) + (number of root) = logical 33
floppy_ok: ; Ready to read first block of data
mov ax, 19 ; Root dir starts at logical sector 19
call l2hts
mov si, buffer ; Set ES:BX to point to our buffer (see end of code)
mov bx, ds
mov es, bx
mov bx, si
mov ah, 2 ; Params for int 13h: read floppy sectors
mov al, 14 ; And read 14 of them
pusha ; Prepare to enter loop
read_root_dir:
popa ; In case registers are altered by int 13h
pusha
stc ; A few BIOSes do not set properly on error
int 13h ; Read sectors using BIOS
jnc search_dir ; If read went OK, skip ahead
call reset_floppy ; Otherwise, reset floppy controller and try again
jnc read_root_dir ; Floppy reset OK?
jmp reboot ; If not, fatal double error
search_dir:
popa
mov ax, ds ; Root dir is now in [buffer]
mov es, ax ; Set DI to this info
mov di, buffer
mov cx, word [RootDirEntries] ; Search all (224) entries
mov ax, 0 ; Searching at offset 0
next_root_entry:
xchg cx, dx ; We use CX in the inner loop...
mov si, kern_filename ; Start searching for kernel filename
mov cx, 11
rep cmpsb
je found_file_to_load ; Pointer DI will be at offset 11
add ax, 32 ; Bump searched entries by 1 (32 bytes per entry)
mov di, buffer ; Point to next entry
add di, ax
xchg dx, cx ; Get the original CX back
loop next_root_entry
mov si, file_not_found ; If kernel is not found, bail out
call print_string
jmp reboot
found_file_to_load: ; Fetch cluster and load FAT into RAM
mov ax, word [es:di+0Fh] ; Offset 11 + 15 = 26, contains 1st cluster
mov word [cluster], ax
mov ax, 1 ; Sector 1 = first sector of first FAT
call l2hts
mov di, buffer ; ES:BX points to our buffer
mov bx, di
mov ah, 2 ; int 13h params: read (FAT) sectors
mov al, 9 ; All 9 sectors of 1st FAT
pusha ; Prepare to enter loop
read_fat:
popa ; In case registers are altered by int 13h
pusha
stc
int 13h ; Read sectors using the BIOS
jnc read_fat_ok ; If read went OK, skip ahead
call reset_floppy ; Otherwise, reset floppy controller and try again
jnc read_fat ; Floppy reset OK?
; ******************************************************************
fatal_disk_error:
; ******************************************************************
mov si, disk_error ; If not, print error message and reboot
call print_string
jmp reboot ; Fatal double error
read_fat_ok:
popa
mov ax, 2000h ; Segment where we'll load the kernel
mov es, ax
mov bx, 0
mov ah, 2 ; int 13h floppy read params
mov al, 1
push ax ; Save in case we (or int calls) lose it
; Now we must load the FAT from the disk. Here's how we find out where it starts:
; FAT cluster 0 = media descriptor = 0F0h
; FAT cluster 1 = filler cluster = 0FFh
; Cluster start = ((cluster number) - 2) * SectorsPerCluster + (start of user)
; = (cluster number) + 31
load_file_sector:
mov ax, word [cluster] ; Convert sector to logical
add ax, 31
call l2hts ; Make appropriate params for int 13h
mov ax, 2000h ; Set buffer past what we've already read
mov es, ax
mov bx, word [pointer]
pop ax ; Save in case we (or int calls) lose it
push ax
stc
int 13h
jnc calculate_next_cluster ; If there's no error...
call reset_floppy ; Otherwise, reset floppy and retry
jmp load_file_sector
; In the FAT, cluster values are stored in 12 bits, so we have to
; do a bit of maths to work out whether we're dealing with a byte
; and 4 bits of the next byte -- or the last 4 bits of one byte
; and then the subsequent byte!
calculate_next_cluster:
mov ax, [cluster]
mov dx, 0
mov bx, 3
mul bx
mov bx, 2
div bx ; DX = [cluster] mod 2
mov si, buffer
add si, ax ; AX = word in FAT for the 12 bit entry
mov ax, word [ds:si]
or dx, dx ; If DX = 0 [cluster] is even; if DX = 1 then it's odd
jz even ; If [cluster] is even, drop last 4 bits of word
; with next cluster; if odd, drop first 4 bits
odd:
shr ax, 4 ; Shift out first 4 bits (they belong to another entry)
jmp short next_cluster_cont
even:
and ax, 0FFFh ; Mask out final 4 bits
next_cluster_cont:
mov word [cluster], ax ; Store cluster
cmp ax, 0FF8h ; FF8h = end of file marker in FAT12
jae end
add word [pointer], 512 ; Increase buffer pointer 1 sector length
jmp load_file_sector
end: ; We've got the file to load!
pop ax ; Clean up the stack (AX was pushed earlier)
mov dl, byte [bootdev] ; Provide kernel with boot device info
jmp 2000h:0000h ; Jump to entry point of loaded kernel!
; ------------------------------------------------------------------
; BOOTLOADER SUBROUTINES
reboot:
mov ax, 0
int 16h ; Wait for keystroke
mov ax, 0
int 19h ; Reboot the system
print_string: ; Output string in SI to screen
pusha
mov ah, 0Eh ; int 10h teletype function
.repeat:
lodsb ; Get char from string
cmp al, 0
je .done ; If char is zero, end of string
int 10h ; Otherwise, print it
jmp short .repeat
.done:
popa
ret
reset_floppy: ; IN: [bootdev] = boot device; OUT: carry set on error
push ax
push dx
mov ax, 0
mov dl, byte [bootdev]
stc
int 13h
pop dx
pop ax
ret
l2hts: ; Calculate head, track and sector settings for int 13h
; IN: logical sector in AX, OUT: correct registers for int 13h
push bx
push ax
mov bx, ax ; Save logical sector
mov dx, 0 ; First the sector
div word [SectorsPerTrack]
add dl, 01h ; Physical sectors start at 1
mov cl, dl ; Sectors belong in CL for int 13h
mov ax, bx
mov dx, 0 ; Now calculate the head
div word [SectorsPerTrack]
mov dx, 0
div word [Sides]
mov dh, dl ; Head/side
mov ch, al ; Track
pop ax
pop bx
mov dl, byte [bootdev] ; Set correct device
ret
; ------------------------------------------------------------------
; STRINGS AND VARIABLES
kern_filename db "KERNEL BIN" ; MikeOS kernel filename
disk_error db "Floppy error! Press any key...", 0
file_not_found db "KERNEL.BIN not found!", 0
bootdev db 0 ; Boot device number
cluster dw 0 ; Cluster of the file we want to load
pointer dw 0 ; Pointer into Buffer, for loading kernel
; ------------------------------------------------------------------
; END OF BOOT SECTOR AND BUFFER START
times 510-($-$$) db 0 ; Pad remainder of boot sector with zeros
dw 0AA55h ; Boot signature (DO NOT CHANGE!)
buffer: ; Disk buffer begins (8k after this, stack starts)
; ==================================================================

BIN
source/bootload/bootload.bin
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86
source/games/pong_old.asm
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@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
game_pong:
pusha
call os_set_graphics_mode
jmp .draw_player_1
jmp .draw_player_2
jmp .detect_inputi
.draw_player_1:
; X coords
mov ax, [p1_x]
mov [x_start], ax
mov [x_end], ax
; Y coords
mov bx, [p1_y]
mov [y_start], bx
add bx, [bat_height] ; Add the bat height to the y coord
mov [y_end], b
call os_draw_graphical_rectangle
ret
.draw_player_2:
; X coords
mov ax, [p2_x]
mov [x_start], ax
mov [x_end], ax
; Y coords
mov bx, [p2_y]
mov [y_start], bx
add bx, [bat_height] ; Add the bat height to the y coord
mov [y_end], bx
call os_draw_graphical_rectangle
ret
.detect_input:
call os_read_input
; Exit if backspace is pressed
cmp al, 08h
je .finish
; Go up when you press 'w'
cmp al, 77h
je .p1_up
; Go up when you press 's'
cmp al, 73h
je .p1_down
; Loop back
jmp .detect_input
.p1_down:
; X coords
mov ax, [p1_x]
mov [x_start], ax
mov [x_end], ax
; Y coords
mov bx, [p1_y]
add bx, 5 ; Move the bat down 5
mov [y_start], bx
add bx, [bat_height] ; Add the bat height to the y coord
mov [y_end], bx
call os_draw_graphical_rectangle
ret
.p1_up:
mov ax, [move_distance]
sub ax, [p1_y]
call os_draw_graphical_rectangle
ret
.finish:
call os_set_text_mode
popa
ret
section .data
x_start dw 0
y_start dw 0
x_end dw 0
y_end dw 0
p1_y dw 5
p2_y dw 0
p1_x dw 5
p2_x dw 30
bat_height dw 20
move_distance dw 5
colour db 1111b

79
source/kernel.asm
View File

@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
BITS 16
CPU 386 ; pusha offsets depends on a 386 or better
; FS and GS require a 386 or better
%DEFINE CRAWOS_VER '0.0.2' ; OS version number
%DEFINE CRAWOS_API_VER 1 ; API version for programs to check
; This is the location in RAM for kernel disk operations, 24K
; after the point where the kernel has loaded; it's 8K in size,
; because external programs load after it at the 32K point:
disk_buffer equ 24576
; ------------------------------------------------------------------
; START OF MAIN KERNEL CODE
os_main:
cli ; Clear interrupts
mov ax, 0
mov ss, ax ; Set stack segment and pointer
mov sp, 0FFFFh
sti ; Restore interrupts
cld ; The default direction for string operations
; will be 'up' - incrementing address in RAM
mov ax, 2000h ; Set all segments to match where kernel is loaded
mov ds, ax ; After this, we don't need to bother with
mov es, ax ; segments ever again, as MikeOS and its programs
mov fs, ax ; live entirely in 64K
mov gs, ax
cmp dl, 0
je no_change
no_change:
mov si, help_text
call os_print_string_nl
call os_start_cli
bootdev db 0
SecsPerTrack dw 18
Sides dw 2
; ------------------------------------------------------------------
; SYSTEM VARIABLES -- Settings for programs and system calls
; Time and date formatting
fmt_12_24 db 0 ; Non-zero = 24-hr format
fmt_date db 0, '/' ; 0, 1, 2 = M/D/Y, D/M/Y or Y/M/D
; Bit 7 = use name for months
; If bit 7 = 0, second byte = separator character
; ------------------------------------------------------------------
; FEATURES -- Code to pull into the kernel
%INCLUDE "features/screen.asm"
%INCLUDE "features/cli.asm"
%INCLUDE "features/power.asm"
%INCLUDE "features/strings.asm"
%INCLUDE "features/graphics.asm"
%INCLUDE "features/sound.asm"
; FUNCTIONS -- Other stuff that is useful
%INCLUDE "functios/math.asm"
; GAMES -- Games that I wrote for it
%INCLUDE "games/pong.asm"
; ==================================================================
; END OF KERNEL
; ==================================================================

BIN
source/kernel.bin
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0
source/features/sound.asm → source/kernel/features/basic.asm
View File

16
source/features/cli.asm → source/kernel/features/cli.asm
View File

@@ -40,6 +40,12 @@ os_read_cli:
cmp cl, 1
je pong
mov si, user_input
mov di, snake_string
call os_compare_strings
cmp cl, 1
je snake
jmp .unkown
.unkown:
@@ -66,13 +72,19 @@ pong:
call game_pong
call os_read_cli.finish
snake:
call game_snake
call os_read_cli.finish
section .data
welcome_text db 'Welcome to CrawOS, the Cool, Real and AWsome Operating System', 0
user_input times 20 db 0
prompt_length db 20
prompt db 'CrawOS: ', 0
prompt db 'CrawOS sh> ', 0
help_string db 'HELP', 0
clear_string db 'CLEAR', 0
pong_string db 'PONG', 0
help_text db 'This is CrawOS, type "HELP" for help, "CLEAR" to clear the screen', 0
snake_string db 'SNAKE', 0
help_text db 'This is for Cowards: "HELP" for this help text, "CLEAR" to clear the screen, esc to reboot', 0
command_result_text db 'You typed: ', 0
unknown_command db 'Error: Unkown Command.. ', 0

0
source/functions/math.asm → source/kernel/features/disk.asm
View File

0
source/features/graphics.asm → source/kernel/features/graphics.asm
View File

77
source/kernel/features/keyboard.asm Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
; AX = key pressed
os_read_input:
mov ah, 11h ; BIOS call to check for key
int 16h ; Interrupt
jnz .key_pressed ; Jump if input isn't 0
hlt
jmp os_read_input
.key_pressed:
mov ah, 10h
int 16h
ret
; -------------------------------------------
os_display_input:
pusha
mov cx, [prompt_length]
.loop:
call .check_key_pressed
jmp .loop
.check_key_pressed:
call os_read_input
cmp al, 08h
je .backspace
cmp al, 0Dh
je .enter_key
cmp al, 1Bh
je .esc_key
cmp cx, 0
jb .check_key_pressed
call .print_current_input
dec cx
jmp .check_key_pressed
.esc_key:
call os_reboot
.enter_key:
mov al, 0
stosb
popa
call os_read_cli
.backspace:
call .move_cursor_back ; then .move_cursor_back
call .loop ; Else .loop
.move_cursor_back:
mov ah, 0Eh
mov al, 08h
int 10h
mov al, 20h
int 10h
mov al, 08h
int 10h
dec di
jmp os_display_input
.print_current_input:
stosb
mov ah, 0Eh
int 10h
ret

0
source/kernel/features/math.asm Normal file
View File

0
source/features/power.asm → source/kernel/features/power.asm
View File

0
source/kernel/features/sound.asm Normal file
View File

0
source/features/strings.asm → source/kernel/features/strings.asm
View File

79
source/features/screen.asm → source/kernel/features/text.asm
View File

@@ -68,82 +68,3 @@ os_set_text_mode:
popa
ret
; -------------------------------------------
; AX = key pressed
os_read_input:
mov ah, 11h ; BIOS call to check for key
int 16h ; Interrupt
jnz .key_pressed ; Jump if input isn't 0
hlt
jmp os_read_input
.key_pressed:
mov ah, 10h
int 16h
ret
; -------------------------------------------
os_display_input:
pusha
mov cx, [prompt_length]
.loop:
call .check_key_pressed
jmp .loop
.check_key_pressed:
call os_read_input
cmp al, 08h
je .backspace
cmp al, 0Dh
je .enter_key
cmp al, 1Bh
je .esc_key
cmp cx, 0
jb .check_key_pressed
call .print_current_input
dec cx
jmp .check_key_pressed
.esc_key:
call os_reboot
.enter_key:
mov al, 0
stosb
popa
call os_read_cli
.backspace:
call .move_cursor_back ; then .move_cursor_back
call .loop ; Else .loop
.move_cursor_back:
mov ah, 0Eh
mov al, 08h
int 10h
mov al, 20h
int 10h
mov al, 08h
int 10h
dec di
jmp os_display_input
.print_current_input:
stosb
mov ah, 0Eh
int 10h
ret

49
source/games/pong.asm → source/kernel/games/pong.asm
View File

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
game_pong:
call .draw_players
call .draw_screen
call .detect_input
; Clears screen and draws both players and ball
@@ -29,6 +29,18 @@ game_pong:
mov [y_end], bx
call os_draw_graphical_rectangle ; Draw player 1
.draw_ball:
; The ball
mov ax, [ball_x]
mov [x_start], ax
mov [x_end], ax
mov bx, [ball_y]
mov [y_start], bx
mov [y_end], bx
call os_draw_graphical_rectangle ; Draw the ball
ret
; Player 1 movements
@@ -36,13 +48,11 @@ game_pong:
mov dx, [p1_y]
sub dx, 5
mov [p1_y], dx
call .draw_players
jmp .detect_input
.p1_down:
mov dx, [p1_y]
add dx, 5
mov [p1_y], dx
call .draw_players
jmp .detect_input
; Player 2 movements
@@ -50,18 +60,35 @@ game_pong:
mov dx, [p2_y]
sub dx, 5
mov [p2_y], dx
call .draw_players
jmp .detect_input
.p2_down:
mov dx, [p2_y]
add dx, 5
mov [p2_y], dx
call .draw_players
jmp .detect_input
; Ball bouncing
; This should move the ball along one frame
; The ball moves 1 pixel per frame, however this is usually
; at an angle, so we need sin and cos
.bounce_ball:
; Change the x coords
fld dword [ball_angle]
fcos
fld dword [precise_ball_x]
faddp
frndint
fstp dword [ball_x]
; Change the y coords
fld dword [ball_angle]
fsin
fld dword [precise_ball_y]
faddp
frndint
fstp dword [ball_y]
ret
.detect_input:
call os_read_input
@@ -80,6 +107,9 @@ game_pong:
cmp al, 27h ; Pressed ''' (player 2 down)
je .p2_down
call .bounce_ball
call .draw_screen
jmp .detect_input
.finish:
@@ -87,8 +117,13 @@ game_pong:
call os_start_cli
section .data
ball_x dw 5
ball_y dw 5
ball_x dw 100
ball_y dw 100
precise_ball_x dw 100
precise_ball_y dw 100
ball_angle dw 1 ; In radians
cos_ball_angle dw 0
sin_ball_angle dw 0
p1_x dw 5
p1_y dw 5

94
source/kernel/games/snake.asm Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
game_snake:
call .draw_screen
call .detect_input
.draw_screen:
call os_set_graphics_mode ; Clear screen
.draw_snake_loop:
mov ax, [snake_x]
mov [x_start], ax
mov [x_end], ax
mov bx, [snake_y]
mov [y_start], bx
mov [y_end], bx
call os_draw_graphical_rectangle
ret
; Player 1 movements
.up:
mov dword [snake_direction], 0
jmp .end_detect_input
.down:
mov dword [snake_direction], 2
jmp .end_detect_input
.left:
mov dword [snake_direction], 3
jmp .end_detect_input
.right:
mov dword [snake_direction], 1
jmp .end_detect_input
.move_up:
mov dx, [snake_y]
sub dx, 1
mov [snake_y], dx
ret
.move_down:
mov dx, [snake_y]
add dx, 1
mov [snake_y], dx
ret
.move_left:
mov dx, [snake_x]
sub dx, 1
mov [snake_x], dx
ret
.move_right:
mov dx, [snake_x]
add dx, 1
mov [snake_x], dx
ret
.move_snake:
cmp dword [snake_direction], 0
je .move_up
cmp dword [snake_direction], 1
je .move_right
cmp dword [snake_direction], 2
je .move_down
; Else it must be left
jmp .move_left
.detect_input:
call os_read_input
cmp al, 08h
je .finish
; Player 1
cmp al, 77h ; Pressed 'w' up
je .up
cmp al, 61h ; Pressed 'a' left
je .left
cmp al, 73h ; Pressed 's' down
je .down
cmp al, 64h ; Pressed 'd' right
je .right
.end_detect_input:
call .move_snake
call .draw_screen
jmp .detect_input
.finish:
call os_set_text_mode
call os_start_cli
section .data:
snake_x: dw 5
snake_y: dw 5
snake_direction: dw 1 ; 0=up, 1=right, 2=down, 3=left
snake_length: dw 1

32
source/kernel/kernel.asm Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
ORG 0h
BITS 16
start:
mov si, boot_message
call os_print_string_nl
mov si, help_text
call os_print_string_nl
call os_start_cli
hlt
halt:
jmp halt
boot_message: db 0Dh, 'Welcome to CrawOS!', 0Dh, 0
; ------------------------------------------------------------------
; FEATURES -- Code to pull into the kernel
%INCLUDE "source/kernel/features/text.asm"
%INCLUDE "source/kernel/features/keyboard.asm"
%INCLUDE "source/kernel/features/cli.asm"
%INCLUDE "source/kernel/features/power.asm"
%INCLUDE "source/kernel/features/strings.asm"
%INCLUDE "source/kernel/features/graphics.asm"
%INCLUDE "source/kernel/features/sound.asm"
%INCLUDE "source/kernel/features/basic.asm"
%INCLUDE "source/kernel/features/math.asm"
; GAMES -- Games that I wrote for it
%INCLUDE "source/kernel/games/pong.asm"
%INCLUDE "source/kernel/games/snake.asm"