Initial commit for tabletop

We'll branch off of main game for a cool quick side project idea for a moment

build.zig

@@ -11,42 +11,93 @@ pub fn build(b: *Build) void {
     const target = b.standardTargetOptions(.{});
     const optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{});
 
-    const exe = stepBuildMain(b, target, optimize);
+    const sdl_module, const sdl_step = stepSdlModule(b, target, optimize);
-    b.installArtifact(exe);
+
+    const client_exe = stepBuildClient(b, target, optimize, sdl_module, sdl_step);
+    const client_install = b.addInstallArtifact(client_exe, .{});
+
+    const server_exe = stepBuildServer(b, target, optimize);
+    const server_install = b.addInstallArtifact(server_exe, .{});
+
+    const offline_exe = stepBuildOffline(b, target, optimize, sdl_module, sdl_step);
+    const offline_install = b.addInstallArtifact(offline_exe, .{});
 
     const copy_data = stepCopyData(b, target, optimize);
+
+    b.getInstallStep().dependOn(&client_install.step);
+    b.getInstallStep().dependOn(&server_install.step);
+    b.getInstallStep().dependOn(&offline_install.step);
     b.getInstallStep().dependOn(copy_data);
 
-    const run = b.addRunArtifact(exe);
+    const run = b.addRunArtifact(offline_exe);
-    run.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
+    run.step.dependOn(&offline_install.step);
+    run.step.dependOn(copy_data);
 
-    // Why is this not the default behavoir?
+    // Why is this not the default behavior?
     run.setCwd(b.path(std.fs.path.relative(b.allocator, b.build_root.path.?, b.exe_dir) catch unreachable));
 
     if (b.args) |args| {
         run.addArgs(args);
     }
 
-    const run_step = b.step("run", "Run the app");
+    const run_step = b.step("run", "Build and Run tabletop in offline mode");
     run_step.dependOn(&run.step);
 
-    const check_step = b.step("check", "Check for build errors");
+    const check_step = b.step("check", "Check for build errors (offline build only)");
-    check_step.dependOn(&exe.step);
+    check_step.dependOn(&offline_exe.step);
 }
 
-fn stepBuildMain(
+fn stepBuildClient(
+    b: *Build,
+    target: Build.ResolvedTarget,
+    optimize: std.builtin.OptimizeMode,
+    sdl_module: *Build.Module,
+    sdl_step: *Build.Step,
+) *Build.Step.Compile {
+    const exe = b.addExecutable(.{
+        .name = "tabletop_client",
+        .root_source_file = b.path("src/client.zig"),
+        .target = target,
+        .optimize = optimize,
+    });
+
+    exe.root_module.addImport("sdl", sdl_module);
+    exe.step.dependOn(sdl_step);
+
+    exe.addIncludePath(b.path("lib/clibs"));
+
+    return exe;
+}
+
+fn stepBuildServer(
     b: *Build,
     target: Build.ResolvedTarget,
     optimize: std.builtin.OptimizeMode,
 ) *Build.Step.Compile {
     const exe = b.addExecutable(.{
-        .name = "spacefarer",
+        .name = "tabletop_server",
-        .root_source_file = b.path("src/main.zig"),
+        .root_source_file = b.path("src/server.zig"),
+        .target = target,
+        .optimize = optimize,
+    });
+
+    return exe;
+}
+
+fn stepBuildOffline(
+    b: *Build,
+    target: Build.ResolvedTarget,
+    optimize: std.builtin.OptimizeMode,
+    sdl_module: *Build.Module,
+    sdl_step: *Build.Step,
+) *Build.Step.Compile {
+    const exe = b.addExecutable(.{
+        .name = "tabletop",
+        .root_source_file = b.path("src/offline.zig"),
         .target = target,
         .optimize = optimize,
     });
 
-    const sdl_module, const sdl_step = stepSdlModule(b, target, optimize);
     exe.root_module.addImport("sdl", sdl_module);
     exe.step.dependOn(sdl_step);
 
@@ -58,13 +109,12 @@ fn stepBuildMain(
 fn stepBuildSdlTranslator(
     b: *Build,
     target: Build.ResolvedTarget,
-    optimize: std.builtin.OptimizeMode,
 ) *Build.Step.Compile {
     const sdl_translator = b.addExecutable(.{
         .name = "sdl_header_translator",
         .root_source_file = b.path("utils/sdl_translator.zig"),
         .target = target,
-        .optimize = optimize,
+        .optimize = .Debug,
     });
     sdl_translator.linkSystemLibrary("SDL3");
     return sdl_translator;
@@ -73,9 +123,8 @@ fn stepBuildSdlTranslator(
 fn stepTranslateSdl(
     b: *Build,
     target: Build.ResolvedTarget,
-    optimize: std.builtin.OptimizeMode,
 ) struct { *Build.Step, Build.LazyPath } {
-    const sdl_translator = stepBuildSdlTranslator(b, target, optimize);
+    const sdl_translator = stepBuildSdlTranslator(b, target);
     const translate = b.addRunArtifact(sdl_translator);
     const sdl_rename = translate.addOutputFileArg("sdl_rename.h");
     return .{
@@ -97,7 +146,7 @@ fn stepSdlModule(
     });
     sdl_module.linkSystemLibrary("SDL3", .{});
 
-    const translate_step, const sdl_rename = stepTranslateSdl(b, target, optimize);
+    const translate_step, const sdl_rename = stepTranslateSdl(b, target);
     sdl_module.addIncludePath(sdl_rename.dirname());
 
     return .{

build.zig.zon

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 .{
-    .name = .spacefarer,
+    .name = .tabletop,
     .version = "0.0.0",
-    .fingerprint = 0x946ddccb5911fb15,
+    .fingerprint = 0x9467f2a6727b4ca5,
-    .minimum_zig_version = "0.15.0",
+    .minimum_zig_version = "0.14.0",
     .dependencies = .{},
     .paths = .{
         "build.zig",

data/shaders/basic.frag

@@ -7,4 +7,7 @@ layout(set = 2, binding = 0) uniform sampler2D texture_sampler;
 
 void main() {
     fragColor = texture(texture_sampler, inUV);
+    if (fragColor.a < 0.5) {
+        discard;
+    }
 }

data/shaders/basic.vert

@@ -13,5 +13,6 @@ layout(set = 1, binding = 1) uniform Object{
 
 void main() {
     gl_Position = vec4(inCoord, 1.0) * object.transform * camera.transform;
+    gl_ClipDistance[0] = gl_Position.z;
     outUV = inUV;
 }

src/entity.zig

@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-const std = @import("std");
-const sdl = @import("sdl");
-const Game = @import("game.zig");
-const Graphics = @import("graphics.zig");
-const Time = @import("time.zig");
-const World = @import("world.zig");
-const math = @import("math.zig");
-
-position: @Vector(2, i32),
-player: bool = false,
-enemy: bool = false,
-controller: Controller = .{},
-next_update: Time = Time.ZERO,
-sway_x: math.Sway(f32) = .{ .amplitude = 1, .frequency = 0.11 },
-sway_y: math.Sway(f32) = .{ .amplitude = 1, .frequency = 0.13 },
-
-const Controller = struct {
-    const Action = union(enum) {
-        move: @Vector(2, i32),
-    };
-    wanted_action: ?Action = null,
-    move_units: f32 = 0.125,
-};
-
-const Self = @This();
-pub fn update(self: *Self) void {
-    if (!World.time.past(self.next_update)) return;
-
-    if (self.player) self.updatePlayer();
-    if (self.enemy) self.updateEnemy();
-    self.updateController();
-}
-
-pub fn updatePlayer(self: *Self) void {
-    var delta: @Vector(2, i32) = .{ 0, 0 };
-    if (Game.keyboard.keys.is_pressed(sdl.SCANCODE_UP)) {
-        delta[1] += 1;
-    }
-    if (Game.keyboard.keys.is_pressed(sdl.SCANCODE_DOWN)) {
-        delta[1] -= 1;
-    }
-    if (Game.keyboard.keys.is_pressed(sdl.SCANCODE_RIGHT)) {
-        delta[0] += 1;
-    }
-    if (Game.keyboard.keys.is_pressed(sdl.SCANCODE_LEFT)) {
-        delta[0] -= 1;
-    }
-    if (@reduce(.Or, delta != @Vector(2, i32){ 0, 0 }))
-        self.controller.wanted_action = .{ .move = delta }
-    else
-        self.controller.wanted_action = null;
-}
-
-fn updateEnemy(self: *Self) void {
-    if (World.getPlayer()) |player| {
-        var delta = player.position - self.position;
-        if (@reduce(.And, @abs(delta) <= @Vector(2, i64){ 1, 1 })) {
-            self.controller.wanted_action = null;
-        } else {
-            delta[0] = @max(-1, @min(1, delta[0]));
-            delta[1] = @max(-1, @min(1, delta[1]));
-            self.controller.wanted_action = .{ .move = delta };
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn updateController(self: *Self) void {
-    if (self.controller.wanted_action) |action| {
-        switch (action) {
-            .move => |delta| {
-                const target = self.position + delta;
-                if (World.isFree(target)) {
-                    self.next_update = World.time.offset(self.controller.move_units * math.lengthInt(delta));
-                    self.position[0] += delta[0];
-                    self.position[1] += delta[1];
-                }
-            },
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn draw(self: *Self, delta: f32) void {
-    self.sway_x.update(delta);
-    self.sway_y.update(delta);
-    const transform = Graphics.Transform{
-        .rotation = Graphics.Transform.rotationByAxis(.{ self.sway_x.value, self.sway_y.value, 0 }, 0.05),
-        .position = .{
-            @floatFromInt(self.position[0]),
-            @floatFromInt(self.position[1]),
-            0.5,
-        },
-    };
-    Graphics.drawMesh(World.plane_mesh, World.texture, transform.matrix());
-
-    if (!self.player) return;
-
-    Graphics.camera.transform.position = math.lerpTimeLn(
-        Graphics.camera.transform.position,
-        transform.position + @Vector(3, f32){ 0.0, -1.0, 4.0 },
-        delta,
-        -25,
-    );
-
-    const ORIGIN_DIR = @Vector(3, f32){ 0.0, 0.0, -1.0 };
-    const INIT_ROTATION = Graphics.Transform.rotationByAxis(.{ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 }, std.math.pi * 0.5);
-
-    const ROTATED_DIR = Graphics.Transform.rotateVector(ORIGIN_DIR, INIT_ROTATION);
-
-    const target_rotation = Graphics.Transform.combineRotations(
-        INIT_ROTATION,
-        Graphics.Transform.rotationToward(
-            ROTATED_DIR,
-            transform.position - Graphics.camera.transform.position,
-            .{ .normalize_to = true },
-        ),
-    );
-    Graphics.camera.transform.rotation = Graphics.Transform.normalizeRotation(math.slerpTimeLn(
-        Graphics.camera.transform.rotation,
-        target_rotation,
-        delta,
-        -2,
-    ));
-}

src/game.zig

@@ -27,7 +27,16 @@ pub fn init(game_alloc: std.mem.Allocator) void {
     Game.running = false;
     Game.time = Time{ .now = 0, .delta = 0 };
     Game.keyboard = .{};
-    Game.mouse = .{ .x = 0, .y = 0, .dx = 0, .dy = 0 };
+    Game.mouse = .{
+        .buttons = .{},
+        .x_screen = 0,
+        .y_screen = 0,
+        .x_norm = 0,
+        .y_norm = 0,
+        .dx = 0,
+        .dy = 0,
+        .wheel = 0,
+    };
     Graphics.create();
     Assets.init();
     World.initDebug();
@@ -46,9 +55,11 @@ pub fn run() void {
         } else err.sdl();
 
         Game.processEvents();
-        World.updateReal(Game.time.delta);
+        Game.mouse.x_norm = (Game.mouse.x_screen / @as(f32, @floatFromInt(Graphics.getWidth()))) * 2 - 1;
+        Game.mouse.y_norm = (Game.mouse.y_screen / @as(f32, @floatFromInt(Graphics.getHeight()))) * -2 + 1;
+        World.update(Game.time.delta);
         if (Game.beginDraw()) {
-            World.draw(Game.time.delta);
+            World.draw();
             Game.endDraw();
         }
     }
@@ -66,6 +77,7 @@ fn processEvents() void {
     Game.mouse.dx = 0.0;
     Game.mouse.dy = 0.0;
     Game.keyboard.keys.reset();
+    Game.mouse.reset();
 
     sdl.PumpEvents();
     while (true) {
@@ -83,8 +95,8 @@ fn processEvents() void {
                 },
                 sdl.EVENT_MOUSE_MOTION => {
                     if (event.motion.windowID != Graphics.windowId()) continue;
-                    Game.mouse.x = event.motion.x;
+                    Game.mouse.x_screen = event.motion.x;
-                    Game.mouse.y = event.motion.y;
+                    Game.mouse.y_screen = event.motion.y;
                     Game.mouse.dx += event.motion.xrel;
                     Game.mouse.dy += event.motion.yrel;
                 },
@@ -104,6 +116,9 @@ fn processEvents() void {
                     if (event.button.windowID != Graphics.windowId()) continue;
                     Game.mouse.buttons.release(event.button.button);
                 },
+                sdl.EVENT_MOUSE_WHEEL => {
+                    Game.mouse.wheel += event.wheel.integer_y;
+                },
                 else => {},
             }
         }

src/graphics.zig

@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ pub const Mesh = struct {
 };
 
 var window: *sdl.Window = undefined;
-var renderer: *sdl.Renderer = undefined;
 var device: *sdl.GPUDevice = undefined;
 /// Only available while drawing
 var command_buffer: ?*sdl.GPUCommandBuffer = null;
 var render_pass: ?*sdl.GPURenderPass = null;
+var render_target: ?*sdl.GPUTexture = null;
 
 var shader_vert: *sdl.GPUShader = undefined;
 var shader_frag: *sdl.GPUShader = undefined;
@@ -30,10 +30,12 @@ var transfer_buffer: *sdl.GPUTransferBuffer = undefined;
 var transfer_buffer_capacity: usize = undefined;
 
 var depth_texture: *sdl.GPUTexture = undefined;
-var msaa_resolve: *sdl.GPUTexture = undefined;
+var fsaa_target: *sdl.GPUTexture = undefined;
 var pipeline: *sdl.GPUGraphicsPipeline = undefined;
 
 var window_size: [2]u32 = undefined;
+var fsaa_scale: u32 = 4;
+var fsaa_level: u32 = 3;
 
 pub var camera: Camera = undefined;
 
@@ -41,27 +43,27 @@ var to_resize: ?[2]u32 = null;
 
 const VERTEX_BUFFER_DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 1024;
 const VERTEX_BUFFER_GROWTH_MULTIPLIER = 2;
-const TRANSFER_BUFFER_DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 4096;
+const TRANSFER_BUFFER_DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 4096 * 1024;
 const BYTES_PER_VERTEX = 5 * 4;
+const DEPTH_FORMAT = sdl.GPU_TEXTUREFORMAT_D32_FLOAT;
+const MIP_LEVEL = 4;
 
 const Graphics = @This();
 pub fn create() void {
     // Init
     if (!sdl.Init(sdl.INIT_VIDEO | sdl.INIT_EVENTS)) err.sdl();
+    if (!sdl.SetHint(sdl.HINT_LOGGING, "*=info")) err.sdl();
+    if (!sdl.SetHint(sdl.HINT_GPU_DRIVER, "vulkan")) err.sdl();
 
     // Window and Renderer
-    if (!sdl.CreateWindowAndRenderer(
+    Graphics.window = sdl.CreateWindow(
         "",
         1600,
         900,
         sdl.WINDOW_VULKAN | sdl.WINDOW_RESIZABLE,
-        @ptrCast(&Graphics.window),
+    ) orelse err.sdl();
-        @ptrCast(&Graphics.renderer),
-    )) err.sdl();
     Graphics.window_size = .{ 1600, 900 };
 
-    if (!sdl.SetRenderVSync(renderer, sdl.RENDERER_VSYNC_ADAPTIVE)) err.sdl();
-
     // Device
     Graphics.device = sdl.CreateGPUDevice(
         sdl.GPU_SHADERFORMAT_SPIRV,
@@ -113,8 +115,20 @@ pub fn create() void {
     var window_height: c_int = 1;
     if (!sdl.GetWindowSizeInPixels(Graphics.window, &window_width, &window_height)) err.sdl();
 
-    Graphics.depth_texture = createDepthTexture(@intCast(window_width), @intCast(window_height));
+    Graphics.depth_texture = createTexture(
-    Graphics.msaa_resolve = createTexture(@intCast(window_width), @intCast(window_height), target_format);
+        @as(u32, @intCast(window_width)) * Graphics.fsaa_scale,
+        @as(u32, @intCast(window_height)) * Graphics.fsaa_scale,
+        DEPTH_FORMAT,
+        sdl.GPU_TEXTUREUSAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_TARGET,
+        1,
+    );
+    Graphics.fsaa_target = createTexture(
+        @as(u32, @intCast(window_width)) * Graphics.fsaa_scale,
+        @as(u32, @intCast(window_height)) * Graphics.fsaa_scale,
+        target_format,
+        sdl.GPU_TEXTUREUSAGE_COLOR_TARGET | sdl.GPU_TEXTUREUSAGE_SAMPLER,
+        fsaa_level,
+    );
 
     Graphics.pipeline = sdl.CreateGPUGraphicsPipeline(Graphics.device, &.{
         .vertex_shader = Graphics.shader_vert,
@@ -144,12 +158,9 @@ pub fn create() void {
         },
         .primitive_type = sdl.GPU_PRIMITIVETYPE_TRIANGLELIST,
         .rasterizer_state = presets.RASTERIZER_CULL,
-        .multisample_state = .{
-            .sample_count = sdl.GPU_SAMPLECOUNT_4,
-        },
         .depth_stencil_state = presets.DEPTH_ENABLED,
         .target_info = .{
-            .depth_stencil_format = sdl.GPU_TEXTUREFORMAT_D16_UNORM,
+            .depth_stencil_format = DEPTH_FORMAT,
             .color_target_descriptions = &sdl.GPUColorTargetDescription{
                 .format = target_format,
                 .blend_state = presets.BLEND_NORMAL,
@@ -161,20 +172,20 @@ pub fn create() void {
 
     Graphics.camera = Camera{
         .transform = .{},
-        .near = 1.0,
+        .near = 1.0 / 16.0,
-        .far = 1024.0,
+        .far = 128.0,
         .lens = 1.5,
         .aspect = 16.0 / 9.0,
+        .matrix = undefined,
     };
 }
 
 pub fn destroy() void {
     sdl.ReleaseWindowFromGPUDevice(Graphics.device, Graphics.window);
-    sdl.DestroyRenderer(Graphics.renderer);
     sdl.DestroyWindow(Graphics.window);
 
     sdl.ReleaseGPUGraphicsPipeline(Graphics.device, Graphics.pipeline);
-    sdl.ReleaseGPUTexture(Graphics.device, Graphics.msaa_resolve);
+    sdl.ReleaseGPUTexture(Graphics.device, Graphics.fsaa_target);
     sdl.ReleaseGPUTexture(Graphics.device, Graphics.depth_texture);
     sdl.ReleaseGPUBuffer(Graphics.device, Graphics.vertex_buffer);
     sdl.ReleaseGPUTransferBuffer(Graphics.device, Graphics.transfer_buffer);
@@ -190,25 +201,22 @@ pub fn destroy() void {
 }
 
 pub fn loadTexture(width: u32, height: u32, texture_bytes: []const u8) struct { *sdl.GPUTexture, *sdl.GPUSampler } {
-    // const target_format = sdl.SDL_GetGPUSwapchainTextureFormat(Graphics.device, Graphics.window);
     const target_format = sdl.GPU_TEXTUREFORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
 
-    const texture = sdl.CreateGPUTexture(Graphics.device, &sdl.GPUTextureCreateInfo{
+    const texture = Graphics.createTexture(
-        .format = target_format,
+        width,
-        .layer_count_or_depth = 1,
+        height,
-        .width = width,
+        target_format,
-        .height = height,
+        sdl.GPU_TEXTUREUSAGE_SAMPLER | sdl.GPU_TEXTUREUSAGE_COLOR_TARGET,
-        .num_levels = 1,
+        MIP_LEVEL,
-        .sample_count = sdl.GPU_SAMPLECOUNT_1,
+    );
-        .usage = sdl.GPU_TEXTUREUSAGE_SAMPLER,
-    }) orelse err.sdl();
 
     const temp_command_buffer = sdl.AcquireGPUCommandBuffer(Graphics.device) orelse err.sdl();
     {
         const copy_pass = sdl.BeginGPUCopyPass(temp_command_buffer) orelse err.sdl();
         defer sdl.EndGPUCopyPass(copy_pass);
 
-        const map: [*]u8 = @ptrCast(sdl.MapGPUTransferBuffer(Graphics.device, Graphics.transfer_buffer, false) orelse err.sdl());
+        const map: [*]u8 = @ptrCast(sdl.MapGPUTransferBuffer(Graphics.device, Graphics.transfer_buffer, true) orelse err.sdl());
         @memcpy(map, texture_bytes);
         sdl.UnmapGPUTransferBuffer(Graphics.device, Graphics.transfer_buffer);
 
@@ -229,6 +237,7 @@ pub fn loadTexture(width: u32, height: u32, texture_bytes: []const u8) struct {
             .d = 1,
         }, false);
     }
+    sdl.GenerateMipmapsForGPUTexture(temp_command_buffer, texture);
     if (!sdl.SubmitGPUCommandBuffer(temp_command_buffer)) err.sdl();
 
     const sampler = sdl.CreateGPUSampler(Graphics.device, &sdl.GPUSamplerCreateInfo{
@@ -237,6 +246,10 @@ pub fn loadTexture(width: u32, height: u32, texture_bytes: []const u8) struct {
         .address_mode_w = sdl.GPU_SAMPLERADDRESSMODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE,
         .mag_filter = sdl.GPU_FILTER_NEAREST,
         .min_filter = sdl.GPU_FILTER_LINEAR,
+        .mipmap_mode = sdl.GPU_SAMPLERMIPMAPMODE_LINEAR,
+        .min_lod = 0,
+        .max_lod = 16,
+        .mip_lod_bias = -2,
     }) orelse err.sdl();
 
     return .{
@@ -261,7 +274,7 @@ pub fn loadMesh(mesh_bytes: []const u8) Mesh {
         Graphics.growVertexBuffer(Graphics.vertex_buffer_capacity * size_mult);
     }
 
-    const map = sdl.MapGPUTransferBuffer(Graphics.device, Graphics.transfer_buffer, false) orelse err.sdl();
+    const map = sdl.MapGPUTransferBuffer(Graphics.device, Graphics.transfer_buffer, true) orelse err.sdl();
     @memcpy(@as([*]u8, @ptrCast(map)), mesh_bytes);
     sdl.UnmapGPUTransferBuffer(Graphics.device, Graphics.transfer_buffer);
 
@@ -353,22 +366,19 @@ pub fn beginDraw() bool {
         Graphics.to_resize = null;
     }
 
-    var render_target: ?*sdl.GPUTexture = null;
     var width: u32 = 0;
     var height: u32 = 0;
-    if (!sdl.WaitAndAcquireGPUSwapchainTexture(Graphics.command_buffer, Graphics.window, &render_target, &width, &height)) err.sdl();
+    if (!sdl.WaitAndAcquireGPUSwapchainTexture(Graphics.command_buffer, Graphics.window, &Graphics.render_target, &width, &height)) err.sdl();
-    // Hidden
+    // Window is probably hidden
-    if (render_target == null) return false;
+    if (Graphics.render_target == null) return false;
 
     Graphics.render_pass = sdl.BeginGPURenderPass(Graphics.command_buffer, &.{
         .clear_color = .{ .r = 0.0, .g = 0.0, .b = 0.0, .a = 1.0 },
         .cycle = false,
         .load_op = sdl.GPU_LOADOP_CLEAR,
-        .store_op = sdl.GPU_STOREOP_RESOLVE,
+        .store_op = sdl.GPU_STOREOP_STORE,
-        // .store_op = sdl.GPU_STOREOP_STORE,
-        .resolve_texture = render_target,
         .mip_level = 0,
-        .texture = Graphics.msaa_resolve,
+        .texture = Graphics.fsaa_target,
     }, 1, &.{
         .clear_depth = 1.0,
         .load_op = sdl.GPU_LOADOP_CLEAR,
@@ -380,7 +390,8 @@ pub fn beginDraw() bool {
 
     sdl.BindGPUGraphicsPipeline(Graphics.render_pass, Graphics.pipeline);
     sdl.BindGPUVertexBuffers(Graphics.render_pass, 0, &.{ .offset = 0, .buffer = Graphics.vertex_buffer }, 1);
-    sdl.PushGPUVertexUniformData(Graphics.command_buffer, 0, &Graphics.camera.matrix(), 16 * 4);
+    Graphics.camera.computeMatrix();
+    sdl.PushGPUVertexUniformData(Graphics.command_buffer, 0, &Graphics.camera.matrix, 16 * 4);
 
     return true;
 }
@@ -402,6 +413,23 @@ pub fn endDraw() void {
     defer Graphics.render_pass = null;
     if (Graphics.render_pass) |pass| {
         sdl.EndGPURenderPass(pass);
+
+        if (Graphics.fsaa_level > 1) sdl.GenerateMipmapsForGPUTexture(Graphics.command_buffer, Graphics.fsaa_target);
+        sdl.BlitGPUTexture(Graphics.command_buffer, &.{
+            .source = .{
+                .texture = Graphics.fsaa_target,
+                .w = Graphics.window_size[0],
+                .h = Graphics.window_size[1],
+                .mip_level = fsaa_level - 1,
+            },
+            .destination = .{
+                .texture = Graphics.render_target,
+                .w = Graphics.window_size[0],
+                .h = Graphics.window_size[1],
+            },
+            .load_op = sdl.GPU_LOADOP_DONT_CARE,
+            .filter = sdl.GPU_FILTER_NEAREST,
+        });
     }
     if (!sdl.SubmitGPUCommandBuffer(Graphics.command_buffer)) err.sdl();
 }
@@ -410,7 +438,7 @@ fn loadShader(path: []const u8, info: sdl.GPUShaderCreateInfo) *sdl.GPUShader {
     const file = std.fs.cwd().openFile(path, .{}) catch |e| err.file(e, path);
     defer file.close();
 
-    const code = file.readToEndAllocOptions(std.heap.c_allocator, std.math.maxInt(usize), null, .@"1", 0) catch |e| err.file(e, path);
+    const code = file.readToEndAllocOptions(std.heap.c_allocator, std.math.maxInt(usize), null, 1, 0) catch |e| err.file(e, path);
     defer std.heap.c_allocator.free(code);
 
     var updated_info = info;
@@ -419,38 +447,38 @@ fn loadShader(path: []const u8, info: sdl.GPUShaderCreateInfo) *sdl.GPUShader {
     return sdl.CreateGPUShader(device, &updated_info) orelse err.sdl();
 }
 
-fn createDepthTexture(width: u32, height: u32) *sdl.GPUTexture {
+fn createTexture(width: u32, height: u32, format: c_uint, usage: c_uint, mip_level: u32) *sdl.GPUTexture {
-    return sdl.CreateGPUTexture(device, &.{
-        .format = sdl.GPU_TEXTUREFORMAT_D16_UNORM,
-        .layer_count_or_depth = 1,
-        .width = width,
-        .height = height,
-        .num_levels = 1,
-        .sample_count = sdl.GPU_SAMPLECOUNT_4,
-        .usage = sdl.GPU_TEXTUREUSAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_TARGET,
-    }) orelse err.sdl();
-}
-
-fn createTexture(width: u32, height: u32, format: c_uint) *sdl.GPUTexture {
     return sdl.CreateGPUTexture(device, &.{
         .format = format,
         .layer_count_or_depth = 1,
         .width = width,
         .height = height,
-        .num_levels = 1,
+        .num_levels = mip_level,
-        .sample_count = sdl.GPU_SAMPLECOUNT_4,
+        .sample_count = sdl.GPU_SAMPLECOUNT_1,
-        .usage = sdl.GPU_TEXTUREUSAGE_COLOR_TARGET,
+        .usage = usage,
     }) orelse err.sdl();
 }
 
 fn resetTextures(width: u32, height: u32) void {
     sdl.ReleaseGPUTexture(Graphics.device, Graphics.depth_texture);
-    Graphics.depth_texture = createDepthTexture(width, height);
+    Graphics.depth_texture = createTexture(
+        width * Graphics.fsaa_scale,
+        height * Graphics.fsaa_scale,
+        DEPTH_FORMAT,
+        sdl.GPU_TEXTUREUSAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_TARGET,
+        1,
+    );
 
     const target_format = sdl.SDL_GetGPUSwapchainTextureFormat(Graphics.device, Graphics.window);
 
-    sdl.ReleaseGPUTexture(Graphics.device, Graphics.msaa_resolve);
+    sdl.ReleaseGPUTexture(Graphics.device, Graphics.fsaa_target);
-    Graphics.msaa_resolve = createTexture(width, height, target_format);
+    Graphics.fsaa_target = createTexture(
+        width * Graphics.fsaa_scale,
+        height * Graphics.fsaa_scale,
+        target_format,
+        sdl.GPU_TEXTUREUSAGE_COLOR_TARGET | sdl.GPU_TEXTUREUSAGE_SAMPLER,
+        fsaa_level,
+    );
 }
 
 pub fn resize(width: u32, height: u32) void {
@@ -460,3 +488,21 @@ pub fn resize(width: u32, height: u32) void {
 pub fn windowId() sdl.WindowID {
     return sdl.GetWindowID(Graphics.window);
 }
+
+pub fn getWidth() u32 {
+    return @max(1, Graphics.window_size[0]);
+}
+pub fn getHeight() u32 {
+    return @max(1, Graphics.window_size[1]);
+}
+
+pub fn generatePlane(x0: f32, y0: f32, x1: f32, y1: f32) [30]f32 {
+    return .{
+        -0.5, -0.5, 0, x0, y1,
+        0.5,  0.5,  0, x1, y0,
+        -0.5, 0.5,  0, x0, y0,
+        0.5,  0.5,  0, x1, y0,
+        -0.5, -0.5, 0, x0, y1,
+        0.5,  -0.5, 0, x1, y1,
+    };
+}

src/graphics/camera.zig

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 const sdl = @import("sdl");
+const math = @import("../math.zig");
 const Transform = @import("transform.zig");
 const Camera = @This();
 
@@ -11,7 +12,11 @@ far: f32,
 /// width = height * aspect
 aspect: f32,
 
-pub fn matrix(camera: Camera) @Vector(16, f32) {
+matrix: Transform.TMatrix,
+
+pub fn computeMatrix(camera: *Camera) void {
+    @setFloatMode(.optimized);
+
     const xx = 1.0 / (camera.lens * camera.aspect);
     const yy = 1.0 / camera.lens;
     const fnmod = 1.0 / (camera.far - camera.near);
@@ -23,5 +28,79 @@ pub fn matrix(camera: Camera) @Vector(16, f32) {
         0,  0,  -zz, wz,
         0,  0,  -1,  0,
     };
-    return Transform.multiplyMatrix(projection, camera.transform.inverseMatrix());
+    camera.matrix = Transform.multiplyMatrix(projection, camera.transform.inverseMatrix());
+}
+
+pub fn to_screen(camera: Camera, position: Transform.Position) @Vector(2, f32) {
+    @setFloatMode(.optimized);
+
+    var x: f32 = camera.matrix[3];
+    var y: f32 = camera.matrix[7];
+    var w: f32 = camera.matrix[15];
+
+    for (0..3) |i| {
+        x += camera.matrix[i] * position[i];
+    }
+    for (0..3) |i| {
+        y += camera.matrix[i + 4] * position[i];
+    }
+    for (0..3) |i| {
+        w += camera.matrix[i + 12] * position[i];
+    }
+    @setRuntimeSafety(false);
+    const wmod = 1 / w;
+    return .{ x * wmod, y * wmod };
+}
+
+pub fn mouse_in_quad(camera: Camera, mouse: @Vector(2, f32), quad_transform: Transform) bool {
+    @setFloatMode(.optimized);
+
+    const matrix = Transform.multiplyMatrix(camera.matrix, quad_transform.matrix());
+
+    const pi: [4]@Vector(2, f32) = .{
+        .{ -0.5, -0.5 },
+        .{ -0.5, 0.5 },
+        .{ 0.5, 0.5 },
+        .{ 0.5, -0.5 },
+    };
+    var po: [4]@Vector(2, f32) = undefined;
+    for (0..4) |i| {
+        const x = matrix[0] * pi[i][0] + matrix[1] * pi[i][1] + matrix[3];
+        const y = matrix[4] * pi[i][0] + matrix[5] * pi[i][1] + matrix[7];
+        const w = matrix[12] * pi[i][0] + matrix[13] * pi[i][1] + matrix[15];
+        @setRuntimeSafety(false);
+        po[i] = .{ x / w, y / w };
+    }
+    inline for (0..4) |i| {
+        const a = po[i];
+        const b = po[(i + 1) % 4];
+        const c = mouse;
+        if ((c[0] - a[0]) * (b[1] - a[1]) - (c[1] - a[1]) * (b[0] - a[0]) < 0.0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+pub fn raycast(camera: Camera, mouse: @Vector(2, f32), plane: @Vector(4, f32)) @Vector(3, f32) {
+    const matrix = camera.transform.matrix();
+
+    const local = @Vector(3, f32){
+        mouse[0] * camera.lens * camera.aspect,
+        mouse[1] * camera.lens,
+        -1,
+    };
+    var global = @Vector(3, f32){
+        matrix[3],
+        matrix[7],
+        matrix[11],
+    };
+    for (0..3) |i| {
+        for (0..3) |j| {
+            global[i] += local[j] * matrix[4 * i + j];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return math.raycast(camera.transform.position, global, plane);
 }

src/math.zig

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub fn Sway(comptime T: type) type {
             const sin = std.math.sin(dist);
             const cos = std.math.cos(dist);
             var len = length(@Vector(2, T){ self.value, self.velocity });
-            if(len < 0.001) {
+            if (len < 0.001) {
                 self.value = 0.001;
                 self.velocity = 0;
                 len = 0.001;
@@ -137,3 +137,31 @@ pub fn Sway(comptime T: type) type {
         }
     };
 }
+
+pub fn raycast(
+    origin: @Vector(3, f32),
+    target: @Vector(3, f32),
+    plane: @Vector(4, f32),
+) @Vector(3, f32) {
+    @setFloatMode(.optimized);
+
+    const offset = target - origin;
+    const plane_dir = @Vector(3, f32){ plane[0], plane[1], plane[2] };
+    const dist = plane[3];
+    const dist_mod = dist / dot(plane_dir, plane_dir);
+    const num = dot(plane_dir, plane_dir * @as(@Vector(3, f32), @splat(dist_mod)) - origin);
+    var den = dot(offset, plane_dir);
+    if (@abs(den) < 0.0001) {
+        den = 0.0001;
+    }
+
+    return origin + offset * @as(@Vector(3, f32), @splat(num / den));
+}
+
+pub fn limit(vector: anytype, value: f32) @TypeOf(vector) {
+    const max = @reduce(.Max, vector);
+    if (max > value)
+        return vector * @as(@TypeOf(vector), @splat(value / max))
+    else
+        return vector;
+}

src/mouse.zig

@@ -3,7 +3,15 @@ const key_store = @import("data/keystore.zig");
 
 buttons: key_store.KeyStore(@TypeOf(sdl.BUTTON_LEFT), 4, 0) = .{},
 
-x: f32 = 0,
+x_screen: f32 = 0,
-y: f32 = 0,
+y_screen: f32 = 0,
+x_norm: f32 = 0,
+y_norm: f32 = 0,
 dx: f32 = 0,
 dy: f32 = 0,
+wheel: i32 = 0,
+
+pub fn reset(mouse: *@This()) void {
+    mouse.buttons.reset();
+    mouse.wheel = 0;
+}

src/offline.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+const client = @import("client.zig");
+
+pub fn main() void {
+    client.main();
+}

src/server.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub fn main() void {
+    std.debug.print("Server started!\n", .{});
+}

src/time.zig

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-const TimeType = u64;
-const TIME_UNIT: TimeType = 1 << 32;
-const TIME_MULT = 1.0 / @as(f32, @floatFromInt(TIME_UNIT));
-const Time = @This();
-
-pub const ZERO = Time{ .clock = 0 };
-
-clock: TimeType,
-
-pub fn tick(self: *Time, units: f32) void {
-    self.clock += durationFromUnits(units);
-}
-
-pub fn past(self: *Time, goal: Time) bool {
-    return self.clock >= goal.clock;
-}
-
-pub fn offset(self: Time, units: f32) Time {
-    return Time{
-        .clock = self.clock + durationFromUnits(units),
-    };
-}
-
-pub fn unitsSince(self: *Time, from: Time) f32 {
-    if (from.clock > self.clock) return 0;
-    return @as(f32, @floatFromInt(self.clock - from.clock)) * TIME_MULT;
-}
-
-pub fn progress(self: *Time, from: Time, to: Time) f32 {
-    if (from.clock > to.clock) return 1.0;
-    if (self.clock > to.clock) return 1.0;
-
-    const duration = to.clock - from.clock;
-    return @as(f32, @floatFromInt(self.clock - from.clock)) / @as(f32, @floatFromInt(duration));
-}
-
-pub fn unitsFromDuration(duration: TimeType) f32 {
-    return @as(f32, @floatFromInt(duration)) * TIME_MULT;
-}
-
-pub fn durationFromUnits(units: f32) TimeType {
-    return @intFromFloat(@as(f32, @floatFromInt(TIME_UNIT)) * units);
-}
-
-pub fn earliest(a: Time, b: Time) Time {
-    return .{ .clock = @min(a.clock, b.clock) };
-}
-
-pub fn plus(time: Time, ticks: TimeType) Time {
-    return .{ .clock = time.clock + ticks };
-}

src/world.zig

@@ -1,82 +1,261 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const sdl = @import("sdl");
+const math = @import("math.zig");
+const err = @import("error.zig");
+const Game = @import("game.zig");
 const Graphics = @import("graphics.zig");
 const Assets = @import("assets.zig");
-const Entity = @import("entity.zig");
-const Time = @import("time.zig");
-const comp = @import("components.zig");
 
-pub var time: Time = undefined;
+const Id = u32;
-var next_stop: Time = undefined;
+const Order = i32;
-pub var entities: comp.Storage(Entity, .{}) = undefined;
 
+pub var object_map: std.AutoHashMapUnmanaged(Id, usize) = .{};
+pub var objects: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(Object) = .{};
 pub var plane_mesh: Graphics.Mesh = undefined;
 pub var cube_mesh: Graphics.Mesh = undefined;
+pub var table_mesh: Graphics.Mesh = undefined;
 pub var texture: Assets.Texture = undefined;
+pub var hand_texture: Assets.Texture = undefined;
+pub var camera_position: @Vector(2, f32) = @splat(0);
+pub var hover: ?Id = null;
+pub var hand_transform: Graphics.Transform = .{};
+pub var panning = false;
+pub var zoom: i32 = 0;
+pub var hand_objects: u32 = 0;
+pub var min_order: Order = undefined;
+pub var max_order: Order = undefined;
+
+const Object = struct {
+    transform: Graphics.Transform = .{},
+    scale: Graphics.Transform.Scale,
+    mesh: Graphics.Mesh,
+    texture: Assets.Texture,
+    order: Order,
+    id: Id,
+    parent: enum {
+        none,
+        hand,
+    } = .none,
+    hand_index: u32 = 0,
+    parent_infl: f32 = 0,
+};
 
 const World = @This();
 pub fn initDebug() void {
-    entities = comp.Storage(Entity, .{}).init();
+    for (0..10) |i| {
-    _ = entities.add(.{
+        (World.objects.addOne(Game.alloc) catch err.oom()).* = .{
-        .position = .{ 0, 0 },
+            .scale = @splat(0.5),
-        .player = true,
+            .mesh = Graphics.loadMesh(@ptrCast(&Graphics.generatePlane(
-    });
+                15.0 / 16.0,
-    time = Time.ZERO;
+                @as(f32, @floatFromInt(i)) / 16.0,
+                16.0 / 16.0,
+                @as(f32, @floatFromInt(i + 1)) / 16.0,
+            ))),
+            .texture = Assets.load(.texture, "data/yakuza.png"),
+            .order = @intCast(i),
+            .id = @intCast(i),
+        };
+        World.object_map.put(Game.alloc, @intCast(i), i) catch err.oom();
+    }
     World.plane_mesh = Graphics.loadMesh(@ptrCast(&PLANE_MESH_DATA));
     World.cube_mesh = Graphics.loadMesh(@ptrCast(&CUBE_MESH_DATA));
-    World.texture = Assets.load(.texture, "data/wawa.png");
+    World.table_mesh = Graphics.loadMesh(@ptrCast(&Graphics.generatePlane(0, 0, 0.5, 0.5)));
+    World.texture = Assets.load(.texture, "data/yakuza.png");
+    World.hand_texture = Assets.load(.texture, "data/hand.png");
+    World.camera_position = @splat(0);
+    World.hover = null;
+    World.hand_transform = .{
+        .scale = @splat(0.5),
+    };
+    World.panning = false;
+    World.zoom = 0;
+    World.min_order = 0;
+    World.max_order = 9;
 }
 
 pub fn deinit() void {
     Graphics.unloadMesh(World.plane_mesh);
     Graphics.unloadMesh(World.cube_mesh);
+    Graphics.unloadMesh(World.table_mesh);
     Assets.free(World.texture);
-    World.entities.deinit();
+    Assets.free(World.hand_texture);
+    for (World.objects.items) |*object| {
+        Assets.free(object.texture);
+        Graphics.unloadMesh(object.mesh);
+    }
+    World.objects.clearAndFree(Game.alloc);
+    World.object_map.clearAndFree(Game.alloc);
 }
 
-pub fn updateReal(delta: f32) void {
+pub fn update(delta: f32) void {
-    const update_until = World.time.plus(Time.durationFromUnits(delta));
+    const hand_target = Graphics.camera.raycast(.{ Game.mouse.x_norm, Game.mouse.y_norm }, .{ 0, 0, 1, 0 });
-    while (!World.time.past(update_until)) {
+    World.hand_transform.position = math.lerpTimeLn(
-        const current = Time.earliest(World.next_stop, update_until);
+        World.hand_transform.position,
-        defer World.time = current;
+        hand_target + @Vector(3, f32){ World.hand_transform.scale[0] * 0.5, -World.hand_transform.scale[1] * 0.5, 0.25 },
+        delta,
+        -16,
+    );
+    World.hover = null;
+    World.hand_objects = 0;
+    for (World.objects.items) |*object| {
+        updateHover(object);
+    }
+    for (World.objects.items) |*object| {
+        updateObject(object, delta);
+    }
+    if (Game.mouse.buttons.is_just_pressed(sdl.BUTTON_LEFT)) {
+        World.panning = !World.tryPick();
+    }
+    if (Game.mouse.buttons.is_just_pressed(sdl.BUTTON_RIGHT)) {
+        _ = World.tryRelease();
+    }
+    World.updateCamera(delta);
+}
 
-        var iter = World.entities.iter();
+pub fn tryPick() bool {
-        while (iter.next()) |entity| {
+    if (World.hover) |hover_id| {
-            entity.update();
+        World.panning = false;
+        World.getObject(hover_id).?.parent = .hand;
+        return true;
+    } else return false;
+}
+pub fn tryRelease() bool {
+    var last: ?*Object = null;
+    for (World.objects.items) |*object| {
+        if (object.parent != .hand) continue;
+        last = object;
+    }
+    if (last) |object| {
+        object.parent = .none;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+pub fn updateHover(object: *Object) void {
+    if (object.parent == .hand) {
+        object.hand_index = World.hand_objects;
+        World.hand_objects += 1;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (Graphics.camera.mouse_in_quad(.{ Game.mouse.x_norm, Game.mouse.y_norm }, object.transform)) {
+        if (World.hover == null or World.getObject(World.hover.?).?.transform.position[2] < object.transform.position[2]) {
+            World.hover = object.id;
         }
     }
 }
 
-pub fn draw(delta: f32) void {
+pub fn updateObject(object: *Object, delta: f32) void {
-    Graphics.drawMesh(World.plane_mesh, World.texture, Graphics.Transform.matrix(.{ .scale = @splat(5) }));
+    switch (object.parent) {
-    var iter = World.entities.iter();
+        .none => {
-    while (iter.next()) |entity| {
+            object.transform.position[2] = math.lerpTimeLn(
-        entity.draw(delta);
+                object.transform.position[2],
+                if (World.hover == object.id) @as(f32, 0.125) else @as(f32, 0.0625),
+                delta,
+                -8,
+            );
+            object.transform.scale = math.lerpTimeLn(
+                object.transform.scale,
+                if (World.hover == object.id) object.scale * @as(@Vector(3, f32), @splat(1.25)) else object.scale,
+                delta,
+                -4,
+            );
+        },
+        .hand => {
+            var target_position = World.hand_transform.position;
+            var target_scale = object.scale;
+            target_position[2] *= 0.5;
+            const hand_order = hand_objects - object.hand_index - 1;
+            switch (hand_order) {
+                0 => {
+                    target_position[0] -= World.hand_transform.scale[0] * 0.5;
+                    target_position[1] += World.hand_transform.scale[1] * 0.5;
+                },
+                else => |i| {
+                    target_position[0] += World.hand_transform.scale[0] * if ((i - 1) & 1 == 0) @as(f32, 0.5) else @as(f32, 1);
+                    target_position[1] += World.hand_transform.scale[1] * if ((i - 1) & 2 == 0) @as(f32, 0.25) else @as(f32, -0.25);
+                    target_position[2] -= @as(f32, @floatFromInt((hand_order - 1) / 4)) * 0.01;
+                    target_scale = math.limit(target_scale, World.hand_transform.scale[1] * 0.5);
+                },
+            }
+            object.transform.position = math.lerpTimeLn(
+                object.transform.position,
+                target_position,
+                delta,
+                -16,
+            );
+            object.transform.scale = math.lerpTimeLn(
+                object.transform.scale,
+                target_scale,
+                delta,
+                -4,
+            );
+        },
     }
 }
 
-pub fn requestUpdate(at: Time) void {
+pub fn draw() void {
-    World.next_stop = Time.earliest(at, World.next_stop);
+    Graphics.drawMesh(World.table_mesh, World.texture, Graphics.Transform.matrix(.{ .scale = @splat(8) }));
-}
+    for (World.objects.items) |*object| {
-
+        Graphics.drawMesh(object.mesh, object.texture, object.transform.matrix());
-pub fn entityAt(position: @Vector(2, i32)) ?*Entity {
-    var iter = World.entities.iter();
-    while (iter.next()) |entity| {
-        if (@reduce(.And, entity.position == position))
-            return entity;
     }
-    return null;
+    Graphics.drawMesh(World.plane_mesh, World.hand_texture, World.hand_transform.matrix());
 }
 
-pub fn isFree(position: @Vector(2, i32)) bool {
+pub fn updateCamera(delta: f32) void {
-    return World.entityAt(position) == null;
+    World.zoom = std.math.clamp(World.zoom + Game.mouse.wheel, -4, 8);
-}
+    const zoom_factor = std.math.exp(@as(f32, @floatFromInt(zoom)) * @log(2.0) * -0.5);
 
-pub fn getPlayer() ?*Entity {
+    if (Game.mouse.buttons.is_pressed(sdl.BUTTON_LEFT)) {
-    var iter = World.entities.iter();
+        if (World.panning) {
-    while (iter.next()) |entity| {
+            World.camera_position[0] += zoom_factor * Game.mouse.dx / @as(f32, @floatFromInt(Graphics.getWidth())) * -15;
-        if (entity.player)
+            World.camera_position[1] += zoom_factor * Game.mouse.dy / @as(f32, @floatFromInt(Graphics.getWidth())) * 15;
-            return entity;
+        }
     }
-    return null;
+
+    const offset = @Vector(3, f32){ 0.0, -1.0 * zoom_factor, 4.0 * zoom_factor };
+    const target_position = @Vector(3, f32){ World.camera_position[0], World.camera_position[1], 0.0 };
+    Graphics.camera.transform.position = math.lerpTimeLn(
+        Graphics.camera.transform.position,
+        target_position + offset,
+        delta,
+        -32,
+    );
+
+    const ORIGIN_DIR = @Vector(3, f32){ 0.0, 0.0, -1.0 };
+    const INIT_ROTATION = Graphics.Transform.rotationByAxis(.{ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 }, std.math.pi * 0.5);
+
+    const ROTATED_DIR = Graphics.Transform.rotateVector(ORIGIN_DIR, INIT_ROTATION);
+
+    const target_rotation = Graphics.Transform.combineRotations(
+        INIT_ROTATION,
+        Graphics.Transform.rotationToward(
+            ROTATED_DIR,
+            math.lerp(-offset, target_position - Graphics.camera.transform.position, 0.125),
+            .{ .normalize_to = true },
+        ),
+    );
+    Graphics.camera.transform.rotation = Graphics.Transform.normalizeRotation(math.slerpTimeLn(
+        Graphics.camera.transform.rotation,
+        target_rotation,
+        delta,
+        -16,
+    ));
+}
+
+fn getObject(id: Id) ?*Object {
+    const index = World.object_map.get(id) orelse return null;
+    if (index >= World.objects.items.len) return null;
+    return &World.objects.items[index];
+}
+
+fn bringToTop(object: *Object) void {
+    World.max_order += 1;
+    object.order = World.max_order;
+}
+fn bringToBottom(object: *Object) void {
+    World.min_order -= 1;
+    object.order = World.min_order;
 }
 
 const CUBE_MESH_DATA = [_]f32{
@@ -130,9 +309,3 @@ const PLANE_MESH_DATA = [_]f32{
     -0.5, -0.5, 0, 0.0, 1.0,
     0.5,  -0.5, 0, 1.0, 1.0,
 };
-const TEXTURE_DATA = [_]u8{
-    255, 64,  64,  255,
-    64,  255, 64,  255,
-    64,  64,  255, 255,
-    64,  64,  64,  255,
-};